Resources

Citation, source missions, software, tutorials, and contact for the teams maintaining MIDL at the University of Michigan.

Citation

The dataset is described in a paper published in Space Weather. Please cite:

DiMarco, C. C., Tóth, G., and Pulkkinen, T. I. (2026). Merged Interplanetary Data from L1: MIDL. Space Weather, 24(8), e2026SW005146. https://doi.org/10.1029/2026SW005146

@article{dimarco_2026_midl,
  author       = {DiMarco, Connor C. and T{\'o}th, G{\'a}bor and Pulkkinen, Tuija I.},
  title        = {Merged Interplanetary Data from {L1}: {MIDL}},
  journal      = {Space Weather},
  year         = {2026},
  volume       = {24},
  number       = {8},
  pages        = {e2026SW005146},
  doi          = {10.1029/2026SW005146},
  url          = {https://doi.org/10.1029/2026SW005146}
}

Acknowledgement

Please include the following in your paper:

We acknowledge the use of the MIDL (Merged Interplanetary Data from L1) dataset produced by C. DiMarco, G. Tóth, and T. Pulkkinen at the University of Michigan. The MIDL dataset is built from measurements provided by the ACE, DSCOVR, WIND, SOLAR-1, and IMAP spacecraft teams. We thank the ACE MAG (Smith et al., 1998) and SWEPAM (McComas et al., 1998) instrument teams, the DSCOVR magnetometer and Faraday Cup instrument teams (Loto'aniu et al., 2022), the WIND MFI (Lepping et al., 1995) and SWE (Ogilvie et al., 1995) instrument teams, the SOLAR-1 MAG and SWiPS instrument teams, and the IMAP MAG and SWAPI instrument teams for making their data publicly available. ACE and WIND data were obtained from NASA's Coordinated Data Analysis Web (CDAWeb). DSCOVR and SOLAR-1 data were obtained from NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI). IMAP data were obtained from the IMAP Science Data Center. MHD-propagated data products were generated using the BATSRUS code (Tóth et al., 2012), developed at the Center for Space Environment Modeling, University of Michigan.

Sources

The MIDL dataset is built from publicly available measurements and software:

Source	Contribution	Data source	References
ACE	MAG, SWEPAM	CDAWeb	Smith (1998); McComas (1998)
DSCOVR	MAG, Faraday Cup	NOAA NGDC	Loto'aniu (2022)
WIND	MFI, SWE	CDAWeb	Lepping (1995); Ogilvie (1995)
SOLAR-1	MAG, SWiPS	NOAA NCEI	NCEI landing page
IMAP	MAG, SWAPI	IMAP Science Data Center	McComas (2018)
BATSRUS	MHD propagation	GitHub	Tóth (2012)

Software

MIDL

The Python code that produces this dataset. View on GitHub →

CSEM-MIDL

Python client for loading MIDL data: pip install csem-midl. View on GitHub →

MSWIM2D

MHD model of the solar wind across the ecliptic plane, providing continuous plasma data from 1 to 75 AU for any spacecraft or location. Visit MSWIM2D →

Tutorials

Merging MIDL with IMP-8 →

Merge MIDL L1 data with external satellite sources to achieve multi-source quality in the 1998–2004 ACE-only era. Demonstrates downloading IMP-8 data from CDAWeb, propagating to a common position, merging with midl.merge(), and propagating the result to 14 R_E.

Contact

For questions about the dataset or algorithm: Connor DiMarco, Tuija Pulkkinen, Gábor Tóth.

Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan